II Izixhobo kunye neempawu zeekomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim
A. Izinto zekomityi yephepha le-ayisikhrim
Iikomityi ze-ayisikhrim zenziwe ngephepha eliluhlaza elikumgangatho wokupakisha ukutya. Ifektri isebenzisa i-pulp yomthi ococekileyo kodwa iphepha elingaphinda lisetyenziswe. Ukuthintela ukuvuza, unyango lokugquma okanye lokugquma lungasetyenziswa. Iikomityi ezigqunywe ngeparafini yomgangatho wokutya kumaleko angaphakathi zihlala zinokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi. Ubushushu bayo obungamelani nobushushu abunakudlula kwi-40 ℃. Iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim zangoku zenziwe ngephepha eligqunyiweyo. Faka umaleko wefilimu yeplastiki, ngokuqhelekileyo ifilimu ye-polyethylene (PE), ephepheni. Inokumelana nokungangeni manzi kakuhle kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Ubushushu bayo obungamelani nobushushu yi-80 ℃. Iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim zihlala zisebenzisa ugquma oluphindwe kabini. Oko kuthetha ukuncamathisela umaleko wengubo ye-PE kumacala angaphakathi nangaphandle endebe. Olu hlobo lwendebe yephepha lunokuqina okungcono kunye nokuchasana nokuphuma kwamanzi.
Umgangatho weiikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhriminokuchaphazela imiba yokhuseleko lokutya kulo lonke ishishini le-ayisikhrim. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim ezivela kubavelisi abaziwayo ukuze uphile.
B. Iimpawu zeekomityi ze-ayisikhrim
Iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim kufuneka zibe neempawu ezithile zokungaguquguquki kombala, ukumelana nobushushu, ukungangenwa kwamanzi, kunye nokuprintwa. Oku kuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nencasa ye-ayisikhrim. Kwaye oko kunokubonelela ngamava angcono kumthengi.
Okokuqala,kufuneka ibe nokumelana nokuguquka. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi be-ayisikhrim, kulula ukubangela ukuguquka kwendebe yephepha. Ngoko ke, iindebe zephepha ze-ayisikhrim kufuneka zibe nokumelana okuthile nokuguquka. Oku kunokugcina imo yeendebe ingatshintshi.
Okwesibini, iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim nazo kufuneka zibe nokumelana nobushushu. Ikomityi yephepha le-ayisikhrim kufuneka ibe nokumelana nobushushu obuthile. Kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi be-ayisikhrim. Ngaphandle koko, xa usenza i-ayisikhrim, kuyimfuneko ukugalela izinto ezishushu zolwelo kwikomityi yephepha. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ibe nokumelana nobushushu obuthile.
Kubalulekile ukuba iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim zibe neempawu zokungangeni manzi. Ngenxa yobuninzi bokufuma kwe-ayisikhrim, iikomityi zephepha kufuneka zibe neempawu ezithile zokungangeni manzi. Kwaye azinakuba buthathaka, ziqhekeke, okanye zivuza ngenxa yokufunxwa ngamanzi.
Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ifaneleke ukuprintwa. Iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim zihlala zifuna ukuprintwa ngolwazi. (Njengophawu lorhwebo, uphawu, kunye nendawo ezivela kuyo). Ke ngoko, kufuneka zibe neempawu ezifanelekileyo zokuprintwa.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neempawu ezingasentla, iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim zihlala zisebenzisa iphepha elikhethekileyo kunye nezinto zokugquma. Phakathi kwazo, umaleko wangaphandle ngokubanzi wenziwe ngephepha elikumgangatho ophezulu, elinobume obuthambileyo kunye nokumelana okunamandla nokuguquka. Umaleko wangaphakathi kufuneka wenziwe ngezinto ezigqunywe ngezinto ezingangeni manzi. Oku kunokufezekisa isiphumo sokuthintela manzi kwaye kube nokumelana okuhle nobushushu.
C. Uthelekiso phakathi kweekomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim kunye nezinye izikhongozeli
Okokuqala, uthelekiso phakathi kweekomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim kunye nezinye izikhongozeli.
1. Ikomityi yeplastiki. Iikomityi zeplastiki zinamandla okumelana nokugqwala kwaye aziqhekeki lula. Kodwa kukho ingxaki yokuba izinto zeplastiki azikwazi ukubola. Oku kunokubangela ungcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwakhona, ukubonakala kweekomityi zeplastiki kuyinto edinisayo kwaye ukwenziwa kwazo ngokwezifiso kubuthathaka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iikomityi zephepha zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ziyavuseleleka. Kwaye zinembonakalo enokulungiselelwa. Zinokwenza kube lula ukuphakamisa uphawu kunye nokuphucula amava abathengi.
2. Ikomityi yeglasi. Iikomityi zeglasi zingcono kakhulu ngokwakheka kwazo nokungafihli nto, kwaye zinzima kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza zingabi lula ukujika, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke ngakumbi kwimicimbi ephezulu. Kodwa iiglasi zibuthathaka kwaye azifanelekanga kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa eziphathwayo ezifana nokuthatha. Ngaphandle koko, iindleko zokuvelisa iikomityi zeglasi ziphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo engenakufikelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye namandla okulawula iindleko zeekomityi zephepha.
3. Ikomityi yesinyithi. Iikomityi zesinyithi zineengenelo ezinkulu ekugqumeni nasekutyibilikeni. Zifanelekile ukuzalisa iziselo ezishushu, iziselo ezibandayo, iyogathi, njl.njl.). Kodwa kwiziselo ezibandayo ezifana ne-ayisikhrim, iikomityi zesinyithi zinokubangela ukuba i-ayisikhrim inyibilike ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye oku kunokuchaphazela amava abathengi. Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso leekomityi zesinyithi liphezulu, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa iyinkimbinkimbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingafaneleki kwimveliso enkulu.
OkwesibiniIikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim zinezibonelelo ezininzi.
1. Zilula kwaye kulula ukuziphatha. Iikomityi zephepha zilula kwaye kulula ukuziphatha xa kuthelekiswa neekomityi zeglasi nezesinyithi. Ukukhanya kweekomityi zephepha kuvumela abathengi ukuba bonwabele i-ayisikhrim entsha nanini na naphi na, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezithile. (Njengokuthatha ukutya, ukutya okukhawulezayo, kunye neevenkile ezithengisa izinto eziluncedo.)
2. Ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neekomityi zeplastiki, iikomityi zephepha zinobuhlobo ngakumbi nokusingqongileyo kuba zizinto ezivuselelekayo ezinokubola ngokwendalo kwaye azibangeli ungcoliseko olugqithisileyo kokusingqongileyo. Kwihlabathi liphela, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki nako kuya kuba ngumxholo obaluleke ngakumbi. Ngokuthe ngqo, iikomityi zephepha zihambelana ngakumbi neemfuno zoluntu lwanamhlanje zokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
3. Inkangeleko entle kunye nokuprinta okulula. Iikomityi zephepha zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze ziprintwe ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zobuhle babathengi malunga nobuhle bemveliso kunye nefashoni. Okwangoku, xa kuthelekiswa nezikhongozeli ezenziwe ngezinye izinto, iikomityi zephepha kulula ukuziyila nokuzicubungula. Kwangaxeshanye, abathengisi banokuprinta ilogo yabo kunye nomyalezo kwikomityi yephepha ukuze kube lula ukukhuthazwa kophawu. Oku akupheleli nje ekukhuliseni ulwazi lophawu, kodwa kuvumela abathengi ukuba bakhumbule uphawu kwaye bavuselele ukuthembeka kwabo.
Ngamafutshane, iikomityi zephepha le-ayisikhrim zikhaphukhaphu, zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, zintle ngendlela ebukekayo, kulula ukuzilungiselela, kwaye zinobuhlobo nabathengi.