II. He aha ke kīʻaha pepa hau kalima biodegradable
Hiki ke palahonā kīʻaha pepa ʻaikalimahiki ke palaho. Hoʻemi ia i ke kaumaha ma ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka ʻōpala kumuwaiwai ma o ka palaho microbial a me ka hana hou ʻana. He koho hoʻomau a aloha i ke kaiapuni kēia kīʻaha pepa. Hāʻawi ia i kahi hopena hoʻomau no ka ʻoihana lawelawe meaʻai.
A. Wehewehena a me nā ʻano
ʻO nā kīʻaha pepa hau kalima palaho he mau pahu pepa i hana ʻia me nā mea palaho. Ke hele nei ia i kahi kaʻina hana palaho kūlohelohe i kahi ʻano kūpono. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kīʻaha plastik kuʻuna, loaʻa i nā kīʻaha pepa palaho nā ʻano penei:
1. Ka palekana o ke kaiapuni. PLA hiki ke palahonā kīʻaha ʻaikalimahana ʻia mai ka starch mea kanu. No laila, hiki iā ia ke pala i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka haumia i ke kaiapuni. He hopena maikaʻi kona i ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni o ka Honua.
2. Hiki ke hoʻohou hou ʻia. Hana ʻia ka PLA mai nā kumuwaiwai hou, e like me ka starch mea kanu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā plastics petrochemical, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kaʻina hana o ka PLA. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa.
3. ʻIke maopopo. He ʻike maopopo ko nā kīʻaha pepa PLA. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻike maopopo i ke kala a me ke ʻano o ka hau kalima. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka leʻaleʻa maka o nā mea kūʻai aku. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia a hoʻopilikino ʻia nā kīʻaha pepa. Hāʻawi kēia i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā manawa kūʻai aku hou aku.
4. Ke kūpaʻa wela. He hana maikaʻi ko nā kīʻaha pepa PLA. Hiki iā ia ke kū i ka meaʻai ma kahi mahana. He kūpono loa kēia kīʻaha pepa no ka paʻa ʻana i nā meaʻai anu a me nā meaʻai wela e like me ka ice cream.
5. Māmā a paʻa. He māmā iki nā kīʻaha pepa PLA a maʻalahi hoʻi e lawe a hoʻohana. I kēia manawa, ua hana ʻia nā kīʻaha pepa PLA ma o kahi kaʻina hana hana kīʻaha pepa kūikawā. ʻOi aku ka paʻa o kona ʻano a emi iki ka maʻalahi o ka deformation a me ka haki.
6. Palapala hōʻoia honua. Kūlike nā kīʻaha pepa PLA me nā kūlana hōʻoia kaiapuni honua pili. No ka laʻana, ke kūlana biodegradation ʻEulopa EN13432 a me ke kūlana biodegradation ʻAmelika ASTM D6400. Loaʻa iā ia ka hōʻoia kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi.
B. Ke kaʻina hana biodegradable o nā kīʻaha pepa degradable
Ke hoʻolei ʻia nā kīʻaha hau kalima PLA degradable, eia nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o kā lākou kaʻina hana degradation:
ʻO nā kumu nui e hoʻopō ai i nā kīʻaha pepa PLA i nā wahi kūlohelohe, ʻo ia ka makū a me ka mahana. I ka makū a me ka mahana kūpono, e hoʻomaka ke kīʻaha pepa i ke kaʻina hana hoʻopō.
ʻO ke ʻano mua ka hydrolysis.kīʻaha pepahoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana hydrolysis ma lalo o ka mana o ka haʻahaʻa. Komo ka makū a me nā microorganism i nā micropores a me nā māwae i loko o ke kīʻaha pepa a launa pū me nā molekala PLA, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena decomposition.
ʻO ka lua o ke ʻano, ʻo ia ka hydrolysis enzymatic. ʻO nā enzymes nā mea hoʻoulu biochemical e hiki ke hoʻolalelale i nā hopena decomposition. Hiki i nā enzymes i loko o ke kaiapuni ke hoʻoulu i ka hydrolysis o nā kīʻaha pepa PLA. Hoʻopau ia i nā polymers PLA i nā molekala liʻiliʻi. E hoʻoheheʻe mālie kēia mau molekala liʻiliʻi i ke kaiapuni a e hoʻopau hou aku.
ʻO ke kolu o ke ʻano, ʻo ia ka palaho microbial. Hiki ke palaho nā kīʻaha pepa PLA no ka mea he nui nā microorganism e hiki ke palaho i ka PLA. E hoʻohana kēia mau microorganism i ka PLA ma ke ʻano he ikehu a hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā ia i loko o ke kalapona ʻokikene, ka wai, a me ka biomass ma o nā kaʻina hana palaho a me ka palaho.
ʻO ka nui o ka palaho ʻana o nā kīʻaha pepa PLA e pili ana i nā kumu he nui. E like me ka makū, ka mahana, nā kūlana o ka lepo, a me ka nui a me ka mānoanoa o nā kīʻaha pepa.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, pono nā kīʻaha pepa PLA i ka manawa lōʻihi e palaho piha ai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana palaho o nā kīʻaha pepa PLA e hana pinepine ʻia ma nā hale hana composting ʻoihana a i ʻole nā wahi kūlohelohe kūpono. I waena o lākou, nā kūlana e kūpono ai i ka makū, ka mahana, a me ka hana microbial. Ma nā ʻōpala hale a i ʻole nā wahi kūpono ʻole, hiki ke lohi ka wikiwiki o ka palaho. No laila, i ka wā e lawelawe ai i nā kīʻaha pepa PLA, pono e hōʻoia ʻia ua waiho ʻia lākou i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ʻōpala kūpono. Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka palaho.