III. Njira ndi machitidwe a ukadaulo woteteza chilengedwe
A. Kusankha Zipangizo za Chikho cha Pepala
1. Zipangizo zomwe zimawola
Zipangizo zowola zimatanthauza zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwola kukhala madzi, carbon dioxide, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'chilengedwe. Zipangizo zowola zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri pa chilengedwe poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zapulasitiki zachikhalidwe. Makapu a mapepala opangidwa ndi zinthu zowola amatha kuwola mwachilengedwe akagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo zingayambitse kuipitsa chilengedwe pang'ono. Ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha zipangizo za makapu a pepala. Mkati mwa chikho cha pepala cha ayisikilimu nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi utoto wina wa PE. Filimu ya PE yowola sikuti imangokhala ndi ntchito yoteteza madzi komanso yoteteza mafuta. Imathanso kuwola mwachilengedwe, kusamala chilengedwe, komanso yosavuta kubwezeretsanso.
2. Zipangizo zobwezerezedwanso
Zipangizo zobwezerezedwanso zikutanthauza zinthu zomwe zingabwezerezedwenso ndikubwezeretsedwanso kukhala zinthu zatsopano mutagwiritsa ntchito. Makapu a mapepala opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zobwezerezedwanso akhoza kubwezerezedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Makapu a ayisikilimu a mapepala monga zinthu zobwezerezedwanso amachepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu. Nthawi yomweyo, amachepetsanso kuipitsa chilengedwe komanso momwe zimakhudzira chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ndi chisankho chabwino cha zinthu.
B. Njira zotetezera chilengedwe panthawi yopanga
1. Njira zosungira mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi woipa
Opanga ayenera kuchepetsa momwe ntchito yopanga zinthu imakhudzira chilengedwe. Akhoza kutenga njira zosungira mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi woipa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito makina ndi zida zogwira mtima komanso zosawononga mphamvu popanga zinthu. Ndipo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera, kukonza utsi ndi madzi otayira. Komanso, akhoza kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira momwe mphamvu imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Njirazi zitha kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wina woipa. Potero, zithandiza kuteteza chilengedwe.
2. Kusamalira zinthu ndi zinyalala
Kusamalira zipangizo ndi zinyalala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira zotetezera chilengedwe. Muyeso uwu umaphatikizapo kugawa ndi kuyang'anira zinthu, kugawa zinyalala ndi kubwezeretsanso. Mwachitsanzo, angasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zingawonongeke kapena zobwezerezedwanso. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mapepala zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukhala zinthu zatsopano zamapepala. Potero, zimatha kuchepetsa zinyalala zomwe zili ndi zinthu.
Opanga amatha kusankha zinthu zomwe zingawonongeke kapena zobwezerezedwanso kuti apange makapu a mapepala. Ndipo amatha kuchitapo kanthu pazachilengedwe. (Monga kusunga mphamvu, kuchepetsa utsi, ndi kuyang'anira zinyalala). Motero, n'zotheka kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe momwe zingathere.